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伊屈窮徨慕 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及10何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



everlasting   life�察  �that   man�察  �I   say�察  �developed   himself�察  �unassisted�察  �out   of   a 

state of primaeval brutishness�察�simply by calculations of pleasure and pain�察�

by observing what actions would pay in the long run and what would not�察�

and so   learnt to   conquer his   selfishness by  a  more  refined and   extended 

selfishness�察�and exchanged his brutality for worldliness�察�and then�察�in a few 

instances�察�his worldliness for next´worldliness。            I hope I need not say that 

I do not believe this theory。        If I did�察�I could not be a Christian�察�I think�察�

nor a philosopher either。       At least�察�if I thought that human civilisation had 

sprung from such a dunghill as that�察�I should�察�in honour to my race�察�say 

nothing about it�察�here or elsewhere。 

     Why   talk   of   the   shame   of   our   ancestors�拭   �I   want   to   talk   of   their 

honour and glory。        I want to talk�察�if I talk at all�察�about great times�察�about 

noble epochs�察�noble movements�察�noble deeds�察�and noble folk�察�about times 

in which the human raceit may be through many mistakes�察�alas� �and sin�察�

and sorrow�察�and blood´shedstruggled up one step higher on those great 

stairs which�察�as we hope�察�lead upward towards the far´off city of God�察�the 



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perfect polity�察�the perfect civilisation�察�the perfect religion�察�which is eternal 

in the heavens。 

     Of great men�察�then�察�and noble deeds I want to speak。                    I am bound to 

do so first�察�in courtesy to my hearers。              For in choosing such a subject I 

took   for   granted   a   nobleness   and   greatness   of   mind   in   them   which   can 

appreciate and enjoy the contemplation of that which is lofty and heroic�察�

and   that   which   is   useful   indeed�察  �though   not   to   the   purses   merely   or   the 

mouths of men�察�but to their intellects and spirits�察�that highest philosophy 

which�察�though she can ��as has been sneeringly said of her�� bake no bread�察�

sheand she alone�察�can at least do thismake men worthy to eat the bread 

which God has given them。 

     I am bound to speak on such subjects�察�because I have never yet met�察�or 

read of�察�the human pany who did not require�察�now and then at least�察�

being reminded of such times and such personagesof whatsoever things 

are   just�察 �pure�察 �true�察�lovely�察 �and   of   good   report�察�if   there be   any  manhood 

and any praise to think�察�as St。 Paul bids us all�察�of such things�察�that we may 

keep up in our minds as much as possible a lofty standard�察�a pure ideal�察�

instead   of   sinking   to   the   mere   selfish   standard   which   judges   all   things�察�

even those of the world to e�察�by profit and by loss�察�and into that sordid 

frame     of   mind    in   which    a   man    grows     to  believe    that   the   world    is 

constructed of bricks and timber�察�and kept going by the price of stocks。 

     We   are   all   tempted�察  �and   the   easier   and   more   prosperous   we   are�察  �the 

more we are tempted�察�to fall into that sordid and shallow frame of mind。 

Sordid even when its projects are most daring�察�its outward luxuries most 

refined�察�and shallow�察�even when most acute�察�when priding itself most on 

its   knowledge   of   human   nature�察  �and   of   the   secret   springs   which�察  �so   it 

dreams�察  �move   the   actions   and   make   the   history   of   nations   and   of   men。 

All    are    tempted     that   way�察   �even     the   noblest´hearted。        ADHAESIT 

PAVIMENTO   VENTER�察  �says   the   old   psalmist。   I   am   growing   like   the 

snake�察�crawling in the dust�察�and eating the dust in which I crawl。                     I try to 

lift   up   my   eyes   to   the   heavens�察  �to   the   true�察  �the   beautiful�察  �the   good�察  �the 

eternal nobleness which was before all time�察�and shall be still when time 



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has passed away。        But to lift up myself is what I cannot do。              Who will 

help me�拭     �Who will quicken me�拭�as our old English tongue has it。                  Who 

will   give   me   life�拭  �The   true�察  �pure�察  �lofty   human   life   which   I   did   NOT 

inherit   from   the   primaeval   ape�察  �which   the   ape´nature   in   me   is   for   ever 

trying to stifle�察�and make me that which I know too well I could so easily 

beea       cunninger     and   more     dainty´featured     brute�拭    �Death     itself�察�

which seems at times so fair�察�is fair because even it may raise me up and 

deliver me from the burden of this animal and mortal body�此�

       'Tis life�察�not death for which I pant�察�'Tis life�察�whereof my nerves are 

scant�察�More life�察�and fuller�察�that I want。 

       Man�拭    �I am a man not by reason of my bones and muscles�察�nerves 

and brain�察�which I have in mon with apes and dogs and horses。                      I am 

a manthou art a man or womannot because we have a fleshGod forbid� �

but because there is a spirit in us�察�a divine spark and ray�察�which nature did 

not give�察�and which nature cannot take away。               And therefore�察�while I live 

on earth�察�I will live to the spirit�察�not to the flesh�察�that I may be�察�indeed�察�a 

man�察�and this same gross flesh�察�this animal ape´nature in me�察�shall be the 

very element in me which I will renounce�察�defy�察�despise�察�at least�察�if I am 

minded to be�察�not a merely higher savage�察�but a truly higher civilised man。 

Civilisation with me shall mean�察�not more wealth�察�more finery�察�more self´ 

indulgenceeven more aesthetic and artistic luxury�察�but more virtue�察�more 

knowledge�察�more self´control�察�even though I earn scanty bread by heavy 

toil�察�and when I pare the Caesar of Rome or the great king�察�whether of 

Egypt�察�Babylon�察�or Persia�察�with the hermit of the Thebaid�察�starving in his 

frock   of   camel's   hair�察  �with   his   soul   fixed   on   the   ineffable   glories   of   the 

unseen�察�and striving�察�however wildly and fantastically�察�to bee an angel 

and not an ape�察�I will say the hermit�察�and not the Caesar�察�is the civilised 

man。 

     There are plenty of histories of civilisation and theories of civilisation 

abroad   in   the   world   just   now�察  �and   which   profess   to   show   you   how   the 

primeval savage has�察�or at least may have�察�bee the civilised man。                    For 

my   part�察  �with   all   due   and   careful   consideration�察  �I   confess   I   attach   very 



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little value to any of them�此           �and for this simple reason that we have no 

facts。    The facts are lost。 

     Of   course�察  �if   you   assume   a   proposition   as   certainly   true�察  �it   is   easy 

enough       to  prove     that   proposition     to   be   true�察  �at  least   to  your    own 

satisfaction。      If you assert with the old proverb�察�that you may make a silk 

purse out of a sow's ear�察�you will be stupider than I dare suppose anyone 

here to be�察�if you cannot invent for yourselves all the intermediate stages 

of     the   transformation�察      �however       startling。    And�察    �indeed�察    �if  modern 

philosophers had stuck more closely to this old proverb�察�and its defining 

verb ;make�察─�and tried to show how some person or personslet them be 

who   they   maymen�察  �angels�察  �or   godsmade   the   sow's   ear   into   the   silk 

purse�察  �and   the   savage   into   the   sagethey   might   have   pleaded   that   they 

were     still  trying    to  keep    their   feet   upon    the   firm   ground     of   actual 

experience。       But while their theory is�察�that the sow's ear grew into a silk 

purse   of   itself�察  �and   yet   unconsciously   and   without   any   intention   of   so 

bettering itself in life�察�why�察�I think that those who have studied the history 

which lies behind them�察�and the poor human nature which is struggling�察�

and sinning�察�and sorrowing�察�and failing around them�察�and which seems on 

the greater part of this planet going downwards and not upwards�察�and by 

no means bettering itself�察�save in the increase of opera´houses�察�liquor´bars�察�

and gambling´tables�察�and that which pertaineth thereto�察�then we�察�I think�察�

may be excused if we say with the old Stoics��Greek text��I withhold my 

judgment。        I   know     nothing     about    the   matter    yet�察  �and    you�察  �oh    my 

imaginative though learned friends�察�know I suspect very little either。 

        Eldest of things�察�Divine Equality�此�

        so sang poor Shelley�察�and with a certain truth。                For if�察�as I believe�察�

the   human   race   sprang   from   a   single   pair�察  �there   must   have   been   among 

their   individual   descendants   an   equality   far   greater   than   any   which   has 

been known on earth during historic times。                  But that equality was at best 

the infantile innocence of the primary race�察�which faded away in the race 

as   quickly�察  �alas�   �as   it   does   in   the   individual   child。 Divinetherefore   it 

was   one   of  the   first   blessings   which   man   lost�察  �one   of   the  last�察 �I   fear�察  �to 



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which he will return�察�that to which civilisation�察�even at its best yet known�察�

has   not   yet   attained�察  �save   here   and   there   for   short   periods�察  �but   towards 

which it is striving as an ideal goal�察�and�察�as I trust�察�not in vain。 

     The eldest of things which we see actually as history is not equality�察�

but   an   already   developed   hideous   inequality�察  �trying   to   perpetuate   itself�察�

and yet by a   most divine and gracious law�察�destroying itself by the very 

means which it uses to keep itself alive。 

     ;There were giants in the earth in those days。                 And Nimrod began to 

be a mighty one in the earth; ´ 

       A mighty hunter�察�and his game was man。 

        No�察�it is not equality which we see through the dim mist of bygone 

ages。 

     What we do see isI know not whether you will think me superstitious 

or old´fashioned�察�but so I holdvery much what the earlier books of the 

Bible   show   us   under   symbolic   laws。        Greek   histories�察  �Roman   histories�察�

Egyptian histories�察�Eastern histories�察�inscriptions�察�national epics�察�legends�察�

fragments of   legendsin   the  New World   as   in   the  Oldall tell   the  same 

story。    Not the   story  without an   end�察�but   the story  without   a beginning。 

As   in   the   Hindoo   cosmogony�察  �the   world   stands   on   an   elephant�察  �and   the 

elephant on a tortoise�察�and the tortoise onwhat�拭                 �No man 
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