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伊屈窮徨慕 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及16何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



statesman�察�the Cardinal of Tournon�察�stood godfathers a few years later to 

his   twin   boys�察  �and   what   was   of   still   more   solid   worth   to   him�察  �Cardinal 

Tournon took him to Antwerp�察�Bordeaux�察�Bayonne�察�and more than once to 

Rome�察�and in these Italian journeys of his he collected many facts for the 

great    work     of  his   life�察 �that  ;History     of  Fishes;    which     he   dedicated�察�

naturally enough�察�to the cardinal。 This book with its plates is�察�for the time�察�

a   masterpiece      of   accuracy。     Those     who     are  best   acquainted      with   the 

subject say�察�that it is up to the present day a key to the whole ichthyology 

of the Mediterranean。           Two other men�察�Belon and Salviani�察�were then at 

work on the same subject�察�and published their books almost at the same 

time�察�a circumstance which caused�察�as was natural�察�a three´cornered duel 

between   the   supporters   of   the   three   naturalists�察  �each   party   accusing   the 

other     of  plagiarism。      The     simple     fact   seems    to   be   that  the   almost 

simultaneous   appearance   of   the   three   books   in   1554´55   is   one   of   those 

coincidences   inevitable   at   moments   when   many   minds   are   stirred   in   the 

same   direction   by   the   same   great   thoughts   coincidences   which             have 



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happened in our own day on questions of geology�察�biology�察�and astronomy�察�

and   which�察  �when   the   facts   have   been   carefully   examined�察  �and   the   first 

flush   of   natural   jealousy   has   cooled   down�察  �have   proved   only   that   there 

were more wise men than one in the world at the same time。 

     And this sixteenth century was an age in which the minds of men were 

suddenly and strangely turned to examine the wonders of nature with an 

earnestness�察�with a reverence�察�and therefore with an accuracy�察�with which 

they     had   never    been     investigated     before。     ;Nature�察─     �says    Professor 

Planchon�察   �long   veiled   in   mysticism   and   scholasticism�察  �was   opening   up 

infinite    vistas。    A    new    superstition�察    �the   exaggerated      worship     of   the 

ancients�察  �was   nearly   hindering   this   movement   of   thought   towards   facts。 

Nevertheless�察  �Learning   did   her   work。         She   rediscovered�察  �reconstructed�察�

purified�察    �mented       on   the   texts   of  ancient    authors。     Then     came    in 

observation�察�which showed that more was to be seen in one blade of grass 

than in any page of Pliny。 Rondelet was in the middle of this crisis a man 

of   transition�察  �while   he   was   one   of   progress。     He   reflected   the   past�察  �he 

opened and prepared the future。              If he mented on Dioscorides�察�if he 

remained faithful to the   theories of   Galen�察 �he   founded in   his   'History  of 

Fishes'    a   monument       which    our   century   respects。      He    is  above    all  an 

inspirer�察�an initiator�察�and if he wants one mark of the leader of a school�察�

the foundation of certain scientific doctrines�察�there is in his speech what is 

better     than    all  systems�察    �the    municative         power     which     urges    a 

generation      of   disciples    along    the   path   of  independent       research�察   �with 

Reason for guide�察�and Faith for aim。; 

     Around Rondelet�察�in those years�察�sometimes indeed in his housefor 

professors in those days took private pupils as lodgersworked the group 

of    botanists    whom      Linnaeus      calls  ;the    Fathers�察─   �the   authors    of   the 

descriptive   botany   of   the   sixteenth   century。       Their   names�察  �and   those   of 

their disciples and their disciples again�察�are household words in the mouth 

of every gardener�察�immortalised�察�like good Bishop Pellicier�察�in the plants 

that   have   been   named   after   them。       The   Lobelia   memorates   Lobel�察�

one    of   Rondelet's     most    famous     pupils�察  �who    wrote    those   ;Adversaria; 



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which      contain     so    many      curious     sketches     of   Rondelet's      botanical 

expeditions�察  �and   who   inherited   his   botanical   ��as   Joubert   his   biographer 

inherited   his   anatomical��   manuscripts。   The   Magnolia   memorates   the 

Magnols�察  �the   Sarracenia�察  �Sarrasin   of   Lyons�察  �the   Bauhinia�察  �Jean   Bauhin�察�

the    Fuchsia�察   �Bauhin's     earlier   German      master�察  �Leonard      Fuchs�察   �and   the 

Clusiathe received name of that terrible ;Matapalo; or ;Scotch attorney�察─�

of the West Indies�察�which kills the hugest tree�察�to bee as huge a tree 

itself   immortalises   the   great   Clusius�察  �Charles   de   l'Escluse�察  �citizen   of 

Arras�察 �who�察  �after   studying   civil   law   at   Louvain�察  �philosophy  at   Marburg�察�

and   theology   at   Wittemberg   under   Melancthon�察  �came   to   Montpellier   in 

1551�察�to live in Rondelet's own house�察�and bee the greatest botanist of 

his age。 

     These were Rondelet's palmy days。                He had got a theatre of anatomy 

built   at   Montpellier�察 �where   he himself   dissected publicly。            He   had�察 �says 

tradition�察�a little botanic garden�察�such as were springing up then in several 

universities�察  �specially   in   Italy。     He   had   a   villa   outside   the   city�察  �whose 

tower�察�near the modern railway station�察�still bears the name of the ;Mas de 

Rondelet。;       There�察�too�察�may be seen the remnants of the great tanks�察�fed 

with    water   brought   through   earthen   pipes   from   the         Fountain   of   Albe�察�

wherein he kept the fish whose habits he observed。                     Professor Planchon 

thinks that he had salt´water tanks likewise�察�and thus he may have been 

the father of all ;Aquariums。;            He had a large and handsome house in the 

city   itself�察 �a  large   practice    as   physician    in   the  country   round�察     �money 

flowed in fast to him�察�and flowed out fast likewise。                 He spent much upon 

building�察�pulling down�察�rebuilding�察�and sent the bills in seemingly to his 

wife and to his guardian angel Catharine。                He himself had never a penny 

in   his   purse�此    �but   earned   the   money�察  �and   let   his   ladies   spend   it�察  �an 

equitable and pleasant division of labour which most married men would 

do well to imitate。        A generous�察�affectionate�察�careless little man�察�he gave 

away�察  �says   his   pupil   and   biographer�察  �Joubert�察  �his   valuable   specimens   to 

any savant who begged for them�察�or left them about to be stolen by visitors�察�

who�察  �like   too   many   collectors   in   all   ages�察  �possessed   light   fingers   and 



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lighter consciences。         So   pacific   was he   meanwhile�察  �and so   brave   withal 

that   even   in   the   fearful   years   of   ;The   Troubles�察─  �he   would   never   carry 

sword�察�nor even tuck or dagger�此               �but went about on the most lonesome 

journeys as one who wore a charmed life�察�secure in God and in his calling�察�

which was to heal�察�and not to kill。 

     These were the golden years of Rondelet's life�察�but trouble was ing 

on him�察�and a stormy sunset after a brilliant day。               He lost his sister´in´law�察�

to whom he owed all his fortunes�察�and who had watched ever since over 

him and his wife like a mother�察�then he lost his wife herself under most 

painful circumstances�察�then his best´ beloved daughter。                   Then he married 

again�察�and lost the son who was born to him�察�and then came�察�as to many of 

the best in those days�察�even sorer trials�察�trials of the conscience�察�trials of 

faith。 

     For in the meantime Rondelet had bee a Protestant�察�like many of 

the   wisest   men   round   him�察  �like�察  �so   it   would   seem   from   the   event�察  �the 

majority of the university and the burghers of Montpellier。                    It is not to be 

wondered        at。   Montpellier      was    a   sort  of   halfway     resting´    place   for 

Protestant      preachers�察   �whether     fugitive    or  not�察  �who    were   passing     from 

Basle�察�Geneva�察�or Lyons�察�to Marguerite of Navarre's little Protestant court 

at Pan or at Nerac�察�where all wise and good men�察�and now and then some 

foolish and fanatical ones�察�found shelter and hospitality。                   Thither Calvin 

himself   had   been�察  �passing   probably  through   Montpellier   and   leavingas 

such   a   man   was   sure   to   leave   the   mark   of   his   foot   behind   him。    At 

Lyons�察�no great distance up the Rhone�察�Marguerite had helped to establish 

an   organised   Protestant   munity�察  �and   when   in   1536   she   herself   had 

passed      through      Montpellier�察     �to   visit   her   brother     at   Valence�察    �and 

Montmorency's camp at Avignon�察�she took with her doubtless Protestant 

chaplains   of   her   own�察  �who   spoke   wise   wordsit   may   be   that   she   spoke 

wise   words   herselfto   the   ardent   and   inquiring   students   of   Montpellier。 

Moreover�察�Rondelet and his disciples had been for years past in constant 

munication with the Protestant savants of Switzerland and Germany�察�

among   whom   the   knowledge   of   nature   was   progressing   as   it   never   had 



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progressed before。         Forit is a fact always to be rememberedit was only 

in the free air of Protestant countries the natural sciences could grow and 

thrive。     They   sprung   up�察  �indeed�察  �in   Italy   after   the   restoration   of   Greek 

literature in the fifteenth century�察�but they withered there again only too 

soon under the blighting upas shade of superstition。                    Transplanted to the 

free air of Switzerland�察�of Germany�察�of Britain�察�and of Montpellier�察�then 

half Protestant�察�they developed rapidly and surely�察�simply because the air 

was free�察�to be checked again in France by the return of superstition with 

despotism super´added�察�until the eve of the great French Revolution。 

     So Rondelet had been   for some   years   Protestant。                He had hidden   in 

his house for a long while a monk who had left his monastery。                          He had 

himself written theological treatises�此             �but when his Bishop Pellicier was 

imprisoned   on   a   charge   of   heresy�察  �Rondelet   burnt   his   manuscripts�察  �and 

k
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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