嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
伊屈窮徨慕 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及18何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



fallen   downstairs   and   broken   his   head。         He   es�察  �by   his   Portuguese 

mother's side�察�of a house deeply tainted with insanity�察�and such an injury 



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may have serious consequences。               However�察�for nine days the wound goes 

on well�察�and Don Carlos�察�having had a wholesome fright�察�is�察�according to 

Doctor   Olivarez�察  �the   medico   de   camara�察  �a   very   good   lad�察  �and   lives   on 

chicken broth and dried plums。             But on the tenth day es on numbness 

of the left side�察�acute pains in the head�察�and then gradually shivering�察�high 

fever�察  �erysipelas。      His   head   and   neck   swell   to   an   enormous   size�察  �then 

es raging delirium�察�then stupefaction�察�and Don Carlos lies as one dead。 

     A  modern   surgeon   would�察 �probably�察  �thanks   to   that   training   of   which 

Vesalius   may   be      almost   called    the   father�察  �have   had   little   difficulty   in 

finding out what was the matter with the luckless lad�察�and little difficulty 

in   removing       the  evil�察  �if  it  had   not   gone    too   far。   But    the   Spanish 

physicians were then�察�as many of them are said to be still�察�as far behind the 

world in surgery as in other things�察�and indeed surgery itself was then in 

its infancy�察�because men�察�ever since the early Greek schools of Alexandria 

had   died   out�察  �had   been   for   centuries   feeding   their   minds   with   anything 

rather    than    with   facts。    Therefore      the   learned    morosophs       who     were 

gathered round Don Carlos's sick bed had bee according to their own 

confession�察�utterly confused�察�terrified�察�and at their wits' end。 

     It is the 7th of May�察�the eighteenth day after the accident according to 

Olivarez's      story�此    �he    and   Dr   Vega    have    been    bleeding    the   unhappy 

prince�察�enlarging the wound twice�察�and torturing him seemingly on mere 

guesses。      ;I believe�察─�says Olivarez�察 �that all was done well�此                   �but as I 

have said�察�in wounds in the head there are strange labyrinths。;                    So on the 

7th   they   stand   round   the   bed   in   despair。     Don   Garcia   de   Toledo�察  �the 

prince's faithful governor�察�is sitting by him�察�worn out with sleepless nights�察�

and trying to supply to the poor boy that mother's tenderness which he has 

never known。 Alva�察�too�察�is there�察�stern�察�self´pressed�察�most terrible�察�and 

yet most beautiful。        He has a God on earth�察�and that is Philip his master�察�

and though he has borne much from Don Carlos already�察�and will have to 

bear more�察�yet the wretched lad is to him as a son of God�察�a second deity�察�

who   will   by   right   divine   succeed   to   the   inheritance   of   the   first�察  �and   he 

watches      this   lesser   deity   struggling     between      life  and   death    with    an 



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intensity of which we�察�in these less loyal days�察�can form no notion。                       One 

would   be   glad   to   have   a   glimpse   of   what   passed   through   that   mind�察  �so 

subtle and so ruthless�察�so disciplined and so loyal withal�此                   �but Alva was 

a man who was not given to speak his mind�察�but to act it。 

     One would wish�察�too�察�for a glimpse of what was passing through the 

mind of another man�察�who has been daily in that sick chamber�察�according 

to Olivarez's statement�察�since the first of the month�此�but he is one who has 

had�察�for some years past�察�even more reason than Alva for not speaking his 

mind。      What   he   looked   like   we   know   well�察  �for   Titian   has   painted   him 

from the lifea tall�察�bold�察�well´ dressed man�察�with a noble brain�察�square 

and yet lofty�察�short curling locks and beard�察�an eye which looks as though 

it feared neither man nor fiendand it has had good reason to fear both 

and   features   which   would   be   exceeding   handsome�察  �but   for   the   defiant 

snub´nose。 That is Andreas Vesalius�察�of Brussels�察�dreaded and hated by the 

doctors of the old schoolsuspect�察�moreover�察�it would seem to inquisitors 

and   theologians�察  �possibly   to   Alva   himself�察  �for   he   has   dared   to   dissect 

human bodies�察�he has insulted the mediaevalists at Paris�察�Padua�察�Bologna�察�

Pisa�察  �Venice�察  �in   open   theatre�察  �he   has   turned   the   heads   of   all   the   young 

surgeons in Italy and France�察�he has written a great book�察�with prints in it�察�

designed�察     �some     say�察  �by   Titianthey     were     actually    done    by   another 

Netherlander�察�John of Calcar�察�near Clevesin which he has dared to prove 

that    Galen's    anatomy      was   at  fault   throughout�察     �and   that   he  had    been 

describing   a   monkey's   inside   when   he   had   pretended   to   be   describing   a 

man's�察�and thus�察�by impudence and quackery�察�he has wormed himselfthis 

Netherlander�察�a heretic at heart�察�as all Netherlanders are�察�to God as well as 

to   Galeninto   the   confidence   of   the   late   Emperor   Charles   V。�察  �and   gone 

campaigning with him as one of his physicians�察�anatomising human bodies 

even on the battle´field�察�and defacing the likeness of Deity�察�and worse than 

that�察�the most religious King Philip is deceived by him likewise�察�and keeps 

him   in   Madrid   in   wealth   and   honour�察  �and   now�察  �in   the   prince's   extreme 

danger�察�the king has actually sent for him�察�and bidden him try his skilla 

man who knows nothing save about bones and muscles and the outside of 



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the body�察�and is unworthy the name of a true physician。 

     One      can    conceive     the    rage   of   the    old   Spanish      pedants     at  the 

Netherlander's   appearance�察  �and   still   more   at   what   followed�察�if   we   are   to 

believe   Hugo       Bloet   of   Delft�察  �his   countryman   and   contemporary。   ��10�� 

Vesalius�察�he says�察�saw that the surgeons had bound up the wound so tight 

that an abscess had formed outside the skull�察�which could not break�此                          �he 

asserted   that   the   only   hope   lay   in   opening   it�察  �and   did   so�察  �Philip   having 

given leave�察 �by two cross´cuts。               Then the lad returned to himself�察�as if 

awakened from a profound sleep�察�affirming that he owed his restoration to 

life to the German doctor。; 

     Dionysius Daza�察�who was there with the other physicians and surgeons�察�

tells   a   different    story�此     �The     most     learned�察   �famous�察    �and   rare   Baron 

Vesalius�察─  �he   says�察  �advised   that   the   skull   should   be   trepanned�察  �but   his 

advice was not followed。 

     Olivarez's   account   agrees   with   that   of   Daza。         They   had   opened   the 

wounds�察      �he   says�察  �down     to  the   skull   before    Vesalius     came。     Vesalius 

insisted     that   the  injury    lay   inside   the   skull�察  �and    wished     to  pierce    it。 

Olivarez      spends     much     labour    in   proving     that  Vesalius     had   ;no    great 

foundation   for   his   opinion�此─  �but   confesses   that   he   never   changed   that 

opinion      to  the   last�察 �though     all  the  Spanish     doctors     were    against    him。 

Then   on   the   6th�察  �he   says�察  �the   Bachelor   Torres   came   from   Madrid�察  �and 

advised that the skull should be laid bare once more�察�and on the 7th�察�there 

being   still   doubt   whether   the   skull   was   not   injured�察  �the   operation   was 

performedby         whom      it  is  not   saidbut    without     any    good    result�察  �or�察�

according to Olivarez�察�any discovery�察�save that Vesalius was wrong�察�and 

the skull uninjured。 

     Whether   this   second   operation   of   the   7th   of   May   was   performed   by 

Vesalius�察     �and   whether     it  was    that  of   which    Bloet    speaks�察   �is  an   open 

question。       Olivarez's      whole     relation    is   apologetic�察    �written    to   justify 

himself   and   his   seven   Spanish   colleagues�察  �and   to   prove   Vesalius   in   the 

wrong。       Public opinion�察�he confesses�察�had been very fierce against him。 

The   credit   of   Spanish   medicine   was   at   stake�此  �and   we   are   not   bound   to 



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believe implicitly a paper drawn up under such circumstances for Philip's 

eye。    This�察�at least�察�we gather�此�that Don Carlos was never trepanned�察�as is 

monly said�察  �and   this�察 �also�察�that   whichever of   the two   stories   is  true�察�

equally puts Vesalius into direct�察�and most unpleasant�察�antagonism to the 

Spanish doctors。 ��11�� 

     But Don Carlos still lay senseless�察�and yielding to popular clamour�察�the 

doctors called in the aid of a certain Moorish doctor�察�from Valencia�察�named 

Priotarete�察     �whose     unguents�察     �it  was    reported�察    �had    achieved      many 

miraculous   cures。       The   unguent�察  �however�察  �to   the   horror   of   the   doctors�察�

burned   the   skull   till   the   bone   was   as   black   as   the   colour   of   ink�察  �and 

Olivarez declares he believes it to have been a preparation of pure caustic。 

On the morning of the 9th of May�察�the Moor and his unguents were sent 

away�察 �and went to Madrid�察�to send to heaven Hernando de Vega�察�while 

the prince went back to our method of cure。; 

     Considering   what   happened   on   the   morning   of   the   10th   of   May�察  �we 

should now presume that the second opening of the abscess�察�whether by 

Vesalius or someone else�察�relieved the pressure on the brain�察�that a critical 

period     of   exhaustion      followed�察    �probably      prolonged      by   the   Moor's 

premature caustic�察�which stopped the suppuration�此                   �but that God's good 

handiwork�察�called nature�察�triumphed at last�察�and that therefore it came to 

pass that the prince was out of danger within three days of the operation。 

But he was taught�察 �it seems�察�to   attribute his recovery  to a very  different 

source from that of a German knife。             For on the morning of the 9th�察�when 

the    Moor     was    gone�察   �and   Don     Carlos    lay   seemingly      lifeless�察  �there 

descended into his chamber a Deus e machina�察�or rather a whole pantheon 

of   greater   or   lesser   deities�察  �who   were   to   effect   that   which   medical   skill 

seemed      not   to  have    effected。    Philip     sent  into   the   prince's   chamber 

several   of   the   precious   relics   which   he   u
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��