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historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及20何蛍
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which it called the image of God to be tortured�察 �maimed�察 �desecrated in
every way while alive�察 �and yetstraining at the gnat after having
swallowed the camelforbade it to be examined when dead�察�though for the
purpose of alleviating the miseries of mankind。
The breaking out of war between Francis I。 and Charles V。 drove
Vesalius back to his native country and Louvain�察�and in 1535 we hear of
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him as a surgeon in Charles V。's army。 He saw�察 �most probably�察 �the
Emperor's invasion of Provence�察 �and the disastrous retreat from before
Montmorency's fortified camp at Avignon�察�through a country in which that
crafty general had destroyed every article of human food�察�except the half´
ripe grapes。 He saw�察�perhaps�察�the Spanish soldiers�察�poisoned alike by the
sour fruit and by the blazing sun�察�falling in hundreds along the white roads
which led back into Savoy�察�murdered by the peasantry whose homesteads
had been destroyed�察 �stifled by the weight of their own armour�察 �or
desperately putting themselves�察 �with their own hands�察 �out of a world
which had bee intolerable。 Half the army perished。 Two thousand
corpses lay festering between Aix and Frejus alone。 If young Vesalius
needed ;subjects�察─�the ambition and the crime of man found enough for
him in those blazing September days。
He went to Italy�察 �probably with the remnants of the army。 Where
could he have rather wished to find himself�拭 �He was at last in the
country where the human mind seemed to be growing young once more�察�
the country of revived arts�察 �revived sciences�察 �learning�察 �languages�察 �and
though�察�alas� �only for awhile of revived free thought�察�such as Europe had
not seen since the palmy days of Greece。 Here at least he would be
appreciated�察�here at least he would be allowed to think and speak�此 �and
he was appreciated。 The Italian cities�察�who were then�察�like the Athenians
of old�察 �spending their time in nothing else save to hear or to tell
something new�察─ �weled the brave young Fleming and his novelties。
Within two years he was professor of anatomy at Padua�察 �then the first
school in the world�察�then at Bologna and at Pisa at the same time�察�last of
all at Venice�察�where Titian painted that portrait of him which remains unto
this day。
These years were for him a continual triumph�察 �everywhere�察 �as he
demonstrated on the human body�察 �students crowded his theatre�察�or hung
round him as he walked the streets�察�professors left their own chairstheir
scholars having deserted them alreadyto go and listen humbly or
enviously to the man who could give them what all brave souls throughout
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half Europe were craving for�察 �and craving in vainfacts。 And so�察 �year
after year�察 �was realised that scene which stands engraved in the
frontispiece of his great bookwhere�察 �in the little quaint Cinquecento
theatre�察�saucy scholars�察�reverend doctors�察�gay gentlemen�察�and even cowled
monks�察 �are crowding the floor�察 �peeping over each other's shoulders�察�
hanging on the balustrades�察�while in the centre�察�over his ;subject;which
one of those same cowled monks knew but too wellstands young
Vesalius�察�upright�察�proud�察�almost defiant�察�as one who knows himself safe in
the impregnable citadel of fact�察 �and in his hand the little blade of steel�察�
destinedbecause wielded in obedience to the laws of nature�察 �which are
the laws of Godto work more benefit for the human race than all the
swords which were drawn in those days�察 �or perhaps in any other�察 �at the
bidding of most Catholic Emperors and most Christian Kings。
Those were indeed days of triumph for Vesalius�察�of triumph deserved�察�
because earned by patient and accurate toil in a good cause�此 �but
Vesalius�察�being but a mortal man�察�may have contracted in those same days
a temper of imperiousness and self´conceit�察�such as he showed afterwards
when his pupil Fallopius dared to add fresh discoveries to those of his
master。 And yet�察�in spite of all Vesalius knew�察�how little he knew� �How
humbling to his pride it would have been had he known thenperhaps he
does know nowthat he had actually again and again walked�察�as it were�察�
round and round the true theory of the circulation of the blood�察 �and yet
never seen it�察�that that discovery which�察�once made�察�is intelligible�察�as far as
any phenomenon is intelligible�察 �to the merest peasant�察 �was reserved for
another century�察 �and for one of those Englishmen on whom Vesalius
would have looked as semi´barbarians。
To make a long story short�此 �three years after the publication of his
famous book�察 �De Corporis Humani Fabrica�察─ �he left Venice to cure
Charles V。�察 �at Regensburg�察 �and became one of the great Emperor's
physicians。
This was the crisis of Vesalius's life。 The medicine with which he
had worked the cure was ChinaSarsaparilla�察�as we call it now brought
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home from the then newly´discovered banks of the Paraguay and Uruguay�察�
where its beds of tangled vine�察 �they say�察 �tinge the clear waters a dark´
brown like that of peat�察 �and convert whole streams into a healthful and
pleasant tonic。 On the virtues of this China ��then supposed to be a root��
Vesalius wrote a famous little book�察�into which he contrived to interweave
his opinions on things in general�察�as good Bishop Berkeley did afterwards
into his essay on the virtues of tar´water。 Into this book�察 �however�察�
Vesalius introducedas Bishop Berkeley did notmuch�察�and perhaps too
much�察�about himself�察�and much�察�though perhaps not too much�察�about poor
old Galen�察�and his substitution of an ape's inside for that of a human being。
The storm which had been long gathering burst upon him。 The old
school�察�trembling for their time´honoured reign�察�bespattered�察�with all that
pedantry�察�ignorance�察�and envy could suggest�察�the man who dared not only
to revolutionise surgery�察�but to interfere with the privileged mysteries of
medicine�察�and�察�over and above�察�to bee a greater favourite at the court
of the greatest of monarchs。 While such as Eustachius�察�himself an able
discoverer�察�could join in the cry�察�it is no wonder if a lower soul�察�like that of
Sylvius�察 �led it open´mouthed。 He was a mean�察 �covetous�察 �bad man�察 �as
George Bachanan well knew�察 �and�察 �according to his nature�察 �he wrote a
furious book ;Ad Vesani calumnias depulsandas。; The punning change
of Vesalius into Vesanus ��madman�� was but a fair and gentle stroke for a
polemic�察�in days in which those who could not kill their enemies with steel
or powder�察 �held themselves justified in doing so�察 �if possible�察 �by
vituperation�察�calumny�察�and every engine of moral torture。 But a far more
terrible weapon�察 �and one which made Vesalius rage�察 �and it may be for
once in his life tremble�察 �was the charge of impiety and heresy。 The
Inquisition was a very ugly place。 It was very easy to get into it�察�
especially for a Netherlander�此 �but not so easy to get out。 Indeed
Vesalius must have trembled�察�when he saw his master�察�Charles V。�察�himself
take fright�察 �and actually call on the theologians of Salamanca to decide
whether it was lawful to dissect a human body。 The monks�察 �to their
honour�察�used their mon sense�察�and answered Yes。 The deed was so
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plainly useful that it must be lawful likewise。 But Vesalius did not feel
that he had triumphed。 He dreaded�察�possibly�察�lest the storm should only
have blown over for a time。 He fell�察�possibly�察�into hasty disgust at the
folly of mankind�察�and despair of arousing them to use their mon sense�察�
and acknowledge their true interest and their true benefactors。 At all
events�察 �he threw into the fire so it is saidall his unpublished
manuscripts�察 �the records of long years of observation�察 �and renounced
science thenceforth。
We hear of him after this at Brussels�察�and at Basle likewisein which
latter city�察�in the pany of physicians�察�naturalists�察�and Grecians�察�he must
have breathed awhile a freer air。 But he seems to have returned thence to
his old master Charles V。�察�and to have finally settled at Madrid as a court
surgeon to Philip II。�察 �who sent him�察 �but too late�察 �to extract the lance
splinters from the eye of the dying Henry II。
He was now married to a lady of rank from Brussels�察 �Anne van
Hamme by name�察 �and their daughter married in time Philip II。's grand
falconer�察�who was doubtless a personage of no small social rank。 Vesalius
was well off in worldly things�察�somewhat fond�察�it is said�察�of good living
and of luxury�察 �inclined�察 �it may be�察 �to say�察 �Let us eat and drink�察 �for to´
morrow we die�察─ �and to sink more and more into the mere worldling�察�
unless some shock should awake him from his lethargy。
And the awakening shock did e。 After eight years of court life�察�
he resolved�察�early in the year 1564�察�to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem。
The reasons for so s
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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