嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
伊屈窮徨慕 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及21何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



he resolved�察�early in the year 1564�察�to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem。 

     The reasons for so strange a determination are wrapped in mystery and 

contradiction。       The   mon   story   was   that   he   had   opened   a   corpse   to 

ascertain the cause of death�察�and that�察�to the horror of the bystanders�察�the 

heart was still seen to beat�察�that his enemies accused him to the Inquisition�察�

and that he was condemned to death�察�a sentence which was muted to 

that of going on pilgrimage。           But here�察�at the very outset�察�accounts differ。 

One says that the victim was a nobleman�察�name not given�察�another that it 

was     a  lady's   maid�察   �name     not   given。     It   is  most    improbable�察     �if  not 

impossible�察�that Vesalius�察�of all men�察�should have mistaken a living body 



                                                 84 


´ Page 85´

                                    Historical Lectures and Essays 



for   a   dead   one�察  �while   it   is   most   probable�察  �on   the   other   hand�察  �that   his 

medical enemies would gladly raise such a calumny against him�察�when he 

was     no   longer    in   Spain    to   contradict    it。   Meanwhile        Llorente�察    �the 

historian   of   the   Inquisition�察  �makes   no   mention   of   Vesalius   having   been 

brought before its tribunal�察�while he does mention Vesalius's residence at 

Madrid。      Another story is�察�that he went abroad to escape the bad temper 

of his wife�察�another that he wanted to enrich himself。                 Another storyand 

that not an unlikely oneis�察�that he was jealous of the rising reputation of 

his    pupil    Fallopius�察    �then    professor      of   anatomy      at   Venice。      This 

distinguished   surgeon�察 �as   I   said   before�察�had   written   a   book�察�in   which   he 

added      to  Vesalius's     discoveries�察    �and    corrected     certain   of   his   errors。 

Vesalius had answered him hastily and angrily�察�quoting his anatomy from 

memory�察  �for�察  �as   he   himself   plained�察  �he   could   not   in   Spain   obtain   a 

subject for dissection�察�not even�察�he said�察�a single skull。                 He had sent his 

book to Venice to be published�察�and had heard�察�seemingly�察�nothing of it。 

He may have felt that he was falling behind in the race of science�察�and that 

it was impossible for him to carry on his studies in Madrid�察�and so�察�angry 

with his own laziness and luxury�察�he may have felt the old sacred fire flash 

up in him�察�and have determined to go to Italy and bee a student and a 

worker once more。 

     The very day that he set out�察�Clusius of Arras�察�then probably the best 

botanist     in  the   world�察   �arrived    at  Madrid�察     �and�察  �asking    the   reason    of 

Vesalius's     departure�察    �was   told   by   their  fellow´countryman�察        �Charles     de 

Tisnacq�察  �procurator   for   the   affairs   of   the   Netherlands�察  �that   Vesalius   had 

gone of his own free will�察�and with all facilities which Philip could grant 

him�察  �in   performance   of   a   vow   which   he   had   made   during   a   dangerous 

illness。    Here�察�at least�察�we have a drop of information�察�which seems taken 

from  the   stream  sufficiently  near   to   the  fountain´head�此           �but   it   must   be 

recollected that De Tisnacq lived in dangerous times�察�and may have found 

it necessary to walk warily in them�察�that through him had been sent�察�only 

the   year   before�察  �that   famous   letter   from   William   of   Orange�察  �Horn�察  �and 

Egmont�察�the fate whereof may be read in Mr。 Motley's fourth chapter�察�that 



                                                 85 


´ Page 86´

                                   Historical Lectures and Essays 



the crisis of the Netherlands which sprung out of that letter was ing 

fast�察�and that�察�as De Tisnacq was on friendly terms with Egmont�察�he may 

have felt his head at times somewhat loose on his shoulders�察�especially if 

he had heard Alva say�察�as he wrote�察 �that every time he saw the despatches 

of   those   three   senors�察  �they   moved   his   choler   so�察  �that   if   he   did   not   take 

much care to temper it�察�he would seem a frenzied man。;                      In such times�察�

De   Tisnacq   may   have   thought   good   to   return   a   diplomatic   answer   to   a 

fellow´countryman          concerning       a  third   fellow´countryman�察        �especially 

when   that   countryman�察  �as   a   former   pupil   of   Melancthon   at   Wittemberg�察�

might   himself   be   under   suspicion   of   heresy�察  �and   therefore   of   possible 

treason。 

     Be this as it may�察  �one cannot   but suspect some   strain of  truth in   the 

story about the Inquisition�察�for�察�whether or not Vesalius operated on Don 

Carlos�察�he had seen with his own eyes that miraculous Virgin of Atocha at 

the bed's foot of the prince。         He had heard his recovery attributed�察�not to 

the operation�察�but to the intercession of Fray�察�now Saint Diego�察。�12�� and 

he must have had his thoughts thereon�察�and may�察�in an unguarded moment�察�

have spoken them。 

     For he was�察�be it always remembered�察�a Netherlander。                    The crisis of 

his    country    was    just  at  hand。     Rebellion      was    inevitable�察   �and�察  �with 

rebellion�察  �horrors   unutterable�察  �and�察  �meanwhile�察  �Don   Carlos   had   set   his 

mad brain on having the mand of the Netherlands。                     In his rage�察�at not 

having it�察�as all the world knows�察�he nearly killed Alva with his own hands�察�

some two years after。         If it be true that Don Carlos felt a debt of gratitude 

to   Vesalius�察  �he   may   ��after   his   wont��   have   poured   out   to   him   some   wild 

confidence about the Netherlands�察�to have even heard which would be a 

crime in Philip's eyes。        And if this be but a fancy�察�still Vesalius was�察�as I 

just said�察�a Netherlander�察�and one of a brain and a spirit to which Philip's 

doings�察  �and   the   air   of   the   Spanish   court�察  �must   have   been   growing   ever 

more and more intolerable。            Hundreds of his country folk�察�perhaps men 

and women whom he had known�察�were being racked�察�burnt alive�察�buried 

alive�察   �at  the  bidding     of  a  jocular    ruffian�察  �Peter   Titelmann�察    �the  chief 



                                                86 


´ Page 87´

                                   Historical Lectures and Essays 



inquisitor。     The ;day of the MAUBRULEZ�察─�and the wholesale massacre 

which   followed   it�察  �had   happened   but   two   years   before�察  �and�察  �by   all   the 

signs   of   the   times�察  �these   murders   and   miseries   were   certain   to   increase。 

And why were all these poor wretches suffering the extremity of horror�察�

but   because   they  would   not   believe in   miraculous   images�察  �and   bones   of 

dead   friars�察  �and   the   rest   of   that   science   of   unreason   and   unfact�察  �against 

which Vesalius had been fighting all his life�察�consciously or not�察�by using 

reason   and     observing     fact�拭  �What     wonder     if�察 �in   some   burst   of  noble 

indignation   and   just   contempt�察  �he   forgot   a   moment   that   he   had   sold   his 

soul�察  �and   his   love   of   science   likewise�察  �to   be  a   luxurious�察  �yet   uneasy�察�

hanger´on at the tyrant's court�察�and spoke unadvisedly some word worthy 

of a German man�拭�

     As to the story of his unhappy quarrels with his wife�察�there may be a 

grain of truth in it likewise。        Vesalius's religion must have sat very lightly 

on   him。     The   man   who   had   robbed   churchyards   and   gibbets   from   his 

youth was not likely to be   much afraid of apparitions and   demons。                     He 

had handled too many human bones to care much for those of saints。                        He 

was probably�察�like his friends of Basle�察�Montpellier�察�and Paris�察�somewhat 

of a heretic at heart�察�probably somewhat of a pagan�察�while his lady�察�Anne 

van    Hamme�察      �was    probably     a  strict  Catholic�察   �as   her   father�察  �being   a 

councillor and master of the exchequer at Brussels�察�was bound to be�察�and 

freethinking in the husband�察�crossed by superstition in the wife�察�may have 

caused in them that wretched vie e part�察�that want of any true munion 

of soul�察�too mon to this day in Catholic countries。 

     Be these things as they mayand the exact truth of them will now be 

never knownVesalius set out to Jerusalem in the spring of 1564。 On his 

way   he   visited   his   old   friends   at   Venice   to   see   about   his   book   against 

Fallopius。      The    Venetian     republic   received     the  great   philosopher     with 

open arms。       Fallopius was just dead�察�and the senate offered their guest the 

vacant chair of anatomy。          He accepted it�此�but went on to the East。 

     He never   occupied that chair�察  �wrecked   upon the   Isle of Zante�察 �as   he 

was sailing back from Palestine�察�he died miserably of fever and want�察�as 



                                                87 


´ Page 88´

                                   Historical Lectures and Essays 



thousands of pilgrims returning from the Holy Land had died before him。 

A goldsmith recognised him�察�buried him in a chapel of the Virgin�察�and put 

up   over   him   a   simple   stone�察  �which   remained   till   late   years�察  �and   may 

remain�察�for aught I know�察�even now。 

     So perished�察�in the prime of life�察 �a martyr to his love of science�察─�to 

quote   the   words   of   M。   Burggraeve   of   Ghent�察  �his   able   biographer   and 

mentator�察   �the   prodigious   man�察  �who   created   a   science   at   an   epoch 

when everything was still an obstacle to his progress�察�a man whose whole 

life was a long struggle of knowledge against ignorance�察�of truth against 

lies。; 

     Plaudite�此         �Exeat�此         �with     Rondelet      and     Buchanan。        And 

whensoever this poor foolish world needs three such men�察�may God of His 

great mercy send them。 



                                                88 


´ Page 89´

                                 Historical Lectures and Essays 



                       PARACELSUS ��13�� 



     I told you of Vesalius and Rondelet as specimens of the men who three 

hundred years ago were founding the physical science of the present day�察�

by patient investigation of facts。        But such an age as this would naturally 

produce men of a very different stamp�察�men who could not imitate their 

patience and humility�察�who were trying for royal roads to knowledge�察�and 

to   the  fame    and   wealth   which    might    be  got   out  of  knowledge�察     �who 

meddled with vain dreams about the occult sciences�察�alchemy�察�astrology�察�

magic�察�the cabala�察�and so forth�察�who were reputed magicians�察�courted and 

feared for awhile�察�and then�察�too often�察�died sad deaths。 

     Such had been�察�in the cen
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��