嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
伊屈窮徨慕 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及4何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



same jumble of namesWest Saxon�察�Angle�察�Danish�察�Norman�察�and French´ 

Norman likewise�察�many of primaeval and heathen antiquity�察�many of high 

nobility�察�all worked together�察�as at home�察�to form the Free moners of 

England。 

     If any should wish to know more on this curious and important subject�察�

let me remend them to study Ferguson's ;Teutonic Name System�察─�a 

book     from    which    you   will   discover    that  some    of   our   quaintest�察  �and 

seemingly       most    plebeian     surnamesmany        surnames�察     �too�察 �which     are 

extinct in England�察�but remain in Americaare really corruptions of good 

old Teutonic names�察�which our ancestors may have carried in the German 

Forest�察�before an Englishman set foot on British soil�察�from which he will 

rise with the fortable feeling that we English´speaking men�察�from the 

highest to the lowest�察�are literally kinsmen。            Nay�察�so utterly made up now 

is   the   old   blood´   feud   between   Norseman   and   Englishman�察  �between   the 

descendants of those who conquered and those who were conquered�察�that 

in   the   children   of   our   Prince   of   Wales�察  �after   800  years�察  �the   blood  of 

William of Normandy is mingled with the blood of the very Harold who 

fell at Hastings。      And so�察�by the bitter woes which followed the Norman 

conquest   was   the   whole   population�察  �Dane�察  �Angle�察  �and   Saxon�察  �earl   and 

churl�察    �freeman     and    slave�察   �crushed     and   welded      together    into   one 

homogeneous   mass�察  �made   just   and   merciful   towards   each   other   by   the 

most   wholesome   of   all teachings�察  �a   munity  of   suffering�察�and   if they 

had been�察�as I fear they were�察�a lazy and a sensual people�察�were taught 

       That   life is not   as   idle ore�察  �But heated   hot   with   burning   fears�察�And 

bathed in baths of hissing tears�察�And battered with the strokes of doom To 

shape and use。 

       But how did these wild Vikings bee Christian men�拭                   �It is a long 

story。    So stanch a race was sure to be converted only very slowly。 Noble 

missionaries   as   Ansgar�察  �Rembert�察  �and   Poppo�察  �had   worked   for   150   years 

and   more   among   the   heathens   of   Denmark。         But   the   patriotism   of   the 



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Norseman always recoiled�察�even though in secret�察�from the fact that they 

were German monks�察�backed by the authority of the German emperor�察�and 

many a man�察�like Svend Fork´beard�察�father of the great Canute�察�though he 

had     the   Kaiser    himself     for  godfather�察    �turned     heathen     once    more    the 

moment        he  was    free�察  �because     his   baptism     was    the   badge    of   foreign 

conquest�察�and neither pope nor kaiser should lord it over him�察�body or soul。 

St。   Olaf�察  �indeed�察  �forced   Christianity   on   the   Norse   at   the   sword's   point�察�

often by horrid cruelties�察�and perished in the attempt。                    But who forced it 

on the Norsemen of Scotland�察�England�察�Ireland�察�Neustria�察�Russia�察�and all 

the    Eastern     Baltic�拭    �It   was    absorbed      and    in  most    cases�察   �I  believe�察�

gradually and willingly�察�as a gospel and good news to hearts worn out with 

the   storm  of   their   own   passions。       And   whence   came   their   Christianity�拭�

Much   of   it�察  �as   in   the   case   of   the   Danes�察  �and   still   more   of   the   French 

Normans�察       �came    direct    from    Rome�察    �the   city   which�察   �let  them     defy   its 

influence as they would�察�was still the fount of all theology�察�as well as of all 

civilisation。       But     I  must     believe    that    much     of   it  came     from     that 

mysterious ancient Western Church�察�the Church of St。 Patric�察�St。 Bridget�察�

St。   Columba�察  �which   had   covered   with   rude   cells   and   chapels   the   rocky 

islets of the North Atlantic�察�even to Iceland itself。                  Even to Iceland�察�for 

when   that   island   was   first   discovered�察  �about   A。D。   840�察  �the   Norsemen 

found in an isle�察�on the east and west and elsewhere�察�Irish books and bells 

and wooden crosses�察�and named that island Papey�察�the isle of the popes 

some   little   colony  of   monks�察  �who   lived   by  fishing�察  �and   who   are   said   to 

have left the land when the Norsemen settled in it。                    Let us believe�察�for it 

is   consonant   with   reason   and   experience�察  �that   the   sight   of   those   poor 

monks�察�plundered and massacred again and again by the ;mailed swarms 

of   Lochlin�察─  �yet   never  exterminated�察  �but springing   up   again   in the   same 

place�察�ready for fresh massacre�察�a sacred plant which God had planted�察�and 

which   no   rage   of   man   could   trample   outlet   us   believe�察  �I   say�察  �that   that 

sight   taught   at   last   to   the   buccaneers   of   the   old   world   that   there   was   a 

purer manliness�察�a loftier heroism�察�than the ferocious self´assertion of the 

Berserker�察  �even   the   heroism   of   humility�察  �gentleness�察  �self´restraint�察  �self´ 



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sacrifice�察�that there was a strength which was made perfect in weakness�察�a 

glory�察�not of the sword but of the cross。             We will believe that that was the 

lesson   which   the   Norsemen   learnt�察  �after   many   a   wild   and   blood´stained 

voyage�察�from the monks of Iona or of Derry�察�which caused the building of 

such churches as that which Sightrys�察�king of Dublin�察�raised about the year 

1030�察�not in the Norse but in the Irish quarter of Dublin�此                   �a sacred token 

of   amity   between   the   new   settlers   and   the   natives   on   the   ground   of   a 

mon faith。         Let us believe�察�too�察�that the influence of woman was not 

wanting   in   the   good   workthat   the   story   of   St。   Margaret   and   Malcolm 

Canmore   was   repeated�察�though   inversely�察  �in   the   case   of   many  a   heathen 

Scandinavian jarl�察�who�察�marrying the princely daughter of some Scottish 

chieftain�察�found in her creed at last something more precious than herself�察�

while his brother or his cousin became�察�at Dublin or Wexford or Waterford�察�

the husband of some saffron´robed Irish princess�察 �fair as an elf�察─�as the 

old saying was�察�some ;maiden of the three transcendent hues�察─�of whom 

the old book of Linane says�此�

       Red as the blood which flowed from stricken deer�察�White as the snow 

on   which   that   blood   ran   down�察  �Black   as   the   raven   who   drank   up   that 

blood�察�

       ´ and possibly�察�as in the case of Brian Boru's mother�察�had given his 

fair´haired sister in marriage to some Irish prince�察�and could not resist the 

spell   of   their   new   creed�察  �and   the   spell   too�察  �it   may  be�察  �of   some   sister   of 

theirs who had long given up all thought of earthly marriage to tend the 

undying fire of St。 Bridget among the consecrated virgins of Kildare。 

     I   am   not   drawing   from   mere   imagination。          That   such   things   must 

have happened�察�and happened again and again�察�is certain to anyone who 

knows�察�even superficially�察�the documents of that time。                    And I doubt not 

that�察  �in   manners   as   well   as   in   religion�察  �the   Norse   were   humanised   and 

civilised by their contact with the Celts�察�both in Scotland and in Ireland。 

Both   peoples   had   valour�察  �intellect�察  �imagination�此         �but   the   Celt   had   that 

which   the   burly   angular   Norse   character�察  �however   deep   and   stately�察  �and 

however   humorous�察  �wanted�察  �namely�察  �music   of   nature�察  �tenderness�察  �grace�察�



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rapidity�察�playfulness�察�just the qualities�察�bining with the Scandinavian 

��and     in  Scotland     with   the   Angle��    elements     of  character     which    have 

produced�察�in Ireland and in Scotland�察�two schools of lyric poetry second to 

none in the world。 

     And so they were converted to what was then a dark and awful creed�察�

a creed of ascetic self´torture   and purgatorial   fires   for those  who   escape 

the   still   more   dreadful�察  �because   endless�察  �doom   of   the   rest   of   the   human 

race。    But�察  �because   it   was   a   sad   creed�察  �it   suited   better�察  �men   who   had�察�

when conscience re´awakened in them�察�but too good reason to be sad�察�and 

the   minsters   and   cloisters   which   sprang   up   over   the   whole   of   Northern 

Europe�察�and even beyond it�察�along the dreary western shores of Greenland 

itself�察�are the symbols of a splendid repentance for their own sins and for 

the sins of their forefathers。 

     Gudruna   herself�察  �of   whom  I   spoke   just   now�察  �one of   those old   Norse 

heroines who helped to discover America�察�though a historic personage�察�is a 

symbolic one likewise�察�and the pattern of a whole class。                    She too�察  �after 

many journeys to Iceland�察�Greenland�察�and Winland�察�goes on a pilgrimage 

to Rome�察�to get�察�I presume�察�absolution from the Pope himself for all the 

sins of her strange�察�rich�察�stormy�察�wayward life。 

     Have     you   not   readmany      of  you   surely   haveLa      Motte    Fouque's 

romance      of   ;Sintram�拭─     �It   embodies     all  that  I  would     say。   It  is  the 

spiritual drama of that early Middle Age�察�very sad�察�morbid if you will�察�but 

true to fact。     The Lady Verena ought not�察�perhaps�察�to desert her husband�察�

and shut herself up in a cloister。         But so she would have done in those old 

days。     And      who    shall   judge   her   harshly    for   so   doing�拭    �When      the 

brutality of the man seems past all cure�察�who shall blame the woman if she 

glides   away   into   some   atmosphere   of   peace   and   purity�察  �to   pray   for   him 

whom       neither   warnings     nor   caresses    will  amend�拭     �It   is  a  sad   book�察�

;Sintram。;       And yet not too sad。         For they were a sad people�察�those old 

Norse forefathers of ours。          Their Christianity was sad�察�their minsters sad�察�

there are few sadder�察�though few grander�察�buildings than a Norman church。 

     And   yet�察  �perhaps�察  �their   Christianity  did   not   make   them  sad。      It   was 



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but   the   other   and   the   healthier   side   of   that   sadness   which   they   had   as 

heathens。       Read     which     you    will   of  the   old   sagasheathen       
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��