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historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及3何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



                                  Historical Lectures and Essays 



     The story of that great battle�察�told with a few inaccuracies�察�but told as 

only great poets tell�察�you should read�察�if you have not read it already�察�in the 

;Heimskringla; of Snorri Sturluson�察�the Homer of the North�此�

       High feast that day held the birds of the air and the beasts of the field�察�

White´tailed erne and sallow glede�察�Dusky raven�察�with horny neb�察�And the 

gray deer the wolf of the wood。 

       The bones of the slain�察�men say�察�whitened the place for fifty years to 

e。 

     And   remember�察  �that   on   the   same   day   on   which   that   fight   befell 

September   27�察  �1066William�察  �Duke   of   Normandy�察  �with   all   his   French´ 

speaking   Norsemen�察  �was   sailing   across   the   British   Channel�察  �under   the 

protection of a banner consecrated by the Pope�察�to conquer that England 

which the Norse´speaking Normans could not conquer。 

     And   now   King   Harold   showed   himself   a   man。         He   turned   at   once 

from   the    North    of  England     to  the  South。    He     raised   the  folk  of   the 

Southern�察�as he had raised those of the Central and Northern shires�察�and in 

sixteen daysafter a march which in those times was a prodigious feathe 

was   entrenched   upon   the   fatal   down   which   men   called   Heathfield   then�察�

and Senlac�察�but Battle to this daywith William and his French Normans 

opposite him on Telham hill。 

     Then came the battle of Hastings。           You all know what befell upon that 

day�察�and how the old weapon was matched against the newthe English 

axe against the Norman lanceand beaten only because the English broke 

their   ranks。    If   you   wish   to   refresh   your   memories�察  �read   the   tale   once 

more     in  Mr。   Freeman's     ;History   of   England�察─    �or  Professor    Creasy's    ; 

Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World�察─�or even�察�best of all�察�the late Lord 

Lytton's splendid romance of ;Harold。;             And when you go to England�察�go�察�

as some of you may have gone already�察�to Battle�察�and there from off the 

Abbey grounds�察�or from Mountjoye behind�察�look down off what was then 

;The   Heathy   Field�察─  �over   the   long   slopes   of   green   pasture   and   the   rich 

hop´ gardens�察�where were no hop´gardens then�察�and the flat tide´marshes 

winding      between     the  wooded      heights�察  �towards     the  southern    sea�察  �and 



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imagine for yourselves the feelings of an Englishman as he contemplates 

that   broad   green   sloping   lawn�察  �on   which   was   decided   the   destiny  of   his 

native land。      Here�察�right beneath�察�rode Taillefer up the slope before them 

all�察�singing the song of Roland�察�tossing his lance in air and catching it as it 

fell�察�with all the Norse berserker spirit of his ancestors flashing out in him�察�

at the thought of one fair fight�察�and then purgatory�察�or Valhalla Taillefer 

perhaps preferred the latter。          Yonder on the left�察�in that copse where the 

red´ochre gully runs�察�is Sanguelac�察�the drain of blood�察�into which ��as the 

Bayeux      tapestry�察  �woven     by   Matilda's    maids�察   �still  shows��    the   Norman 

knights fell�察�horse and man�察�till the gully was bridged with writhing bodies 

for   those   who   rode   after。   Here�察  �where   you   standthe   crest   of   the   hill 

marks where it must have beenwas the stockade on which depended the 

fate of England。 Yonder�察�perhaps�察�stalked out one English squire or house´ 

carle    after   another�此       �tall    men    with    long´handled       battle´axesone 

specially   terrible�察  �with   a   wooden   helmet   which   no   sword   could   pierce 

who hewed and hewed down knight on knight�察�till they themselves were 

borne to earth at last。       And here�察�among the trees and ruins of the garden�察�

kept trim by those who know the treasure which they own�察�stood Harold's 

two standards of the fighting´man and the dragon of Wessex。                      And here�察�

close by ��for here�察�for many a century�察�stood the high altar of Battle Abbey�察�

where   monks   sang   masses   for   Harold's   soul���察  �upon   this   very   spot   the 

Swan´neck         found    her    hero´lover's     corpse。      ;Ah�察─     �says    many     an 

Englishmanand   who   will   blame   him   for   it;how   grand   to   have   died 

beneath   that   standard   on   that   day� ─  �Yes�察  �and   how   right。    And   yet   how 

right�察�likewise�察�that the Norman's cry of DEXAIE� �God Help� �and not 

the    English    hurrah�察   �should    have    won    that  day�察  �till  William    rode    up 

Mountjoye in the afternoon to see the English army�察�terrible even in defeat�察�

struggling      through     copse    and   marsh     away     toward     Brede�察   �and�察  �like 

retreating lions driven into their native woods�察�slaying more in the pursuit 

than they slew even in the fight。 

     But so it was to be�察�for so it ought to have been。               You�察�my American 

friends�察�delight�察�as I have said already�察�in seeing the old places of the old 



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country。     Go�察�I beg you�察�and look at that old place�察�and if you be wise�察�

you will carry back from it one lesson�此              �That God's thoughts are not as 

our thoughts�察�nor His ways as our ways。 

     It   was   a  fearful   time   which   followed。   I  cannot but   believe  that   our 

forefathers   had   been�察  �in   some   way   or   other�察  �great   sinners�察  �or   two   such 

conquests as Canute's and William's would not have fallen on them within 

the    short   space   of   sixty  years。    They     did   not   want    for  courage�察   �as 

Stamford      Brigg    and   Hastings    showed     full  well。    English     swine�察  �their 

Norman conquerors called them often enough�察�but never English cowards。 

Their ruinous vice�察�if we are to trust the records of the time�察�was what the 

old monks called accidia��Greek text�А�and ranked it as one of the seven 

deadly     sins�此    �a   general    careless�察  �sleepy�察  �fortable      habit   of  mind�察�

which   lets   all   go   its   way   for   good   or   evila   habit   of   mind   too   often 

acpanied�察  �as   in   the   case   of   the   Angle´Danes�察  �with   self´indulgence�察�

often coarse enough。          Huge eaters and huger drinkers�察�fuddled with ale�察�

were  the  men   who   went down   at   Hastingsthough they  went down  like 

heroesbefore the staid and sober Norman out of France。 

     But those were fearful times。          As long as William lived�察�ruthless as he 

was to all rebels�察�he kept order   and did justice with a strong and steady 

hand�察�for he brought with him from Normandy the instincts of a truly great 

statesman。      And in his sons' time matters grew worse and worse。                   After 

that�察  �in   the   troubles   of   Stephen's   reign�察  �anarchy   let   loose   tyranny   in   its 

most fearful form�察�and things were done which recall the cruelties of the 

old     Spanish     CONQUISTADORES                in   America。        Scott's    charming 

romance of ;Ivanhoe; must be taken�察�I fear�察�as a too true picture of English 

society in the time of Richard I。 

     And what came of it all�拭          �What was the result of all this misery and 

wrong�拭�

     This�察�paradoxical as it may seem�此              �That the Norman conquest was 

the making of the English people�察�of the Free mons of England。 

     Paradoxical�察�but   true。      First�察  �you   must   dismiss   from   your   minds   the 

too   mon   notion   that   there   is   now�察  �in   England�察  �a   governing   Norman 



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aristocracy�察�or that there has been one�察�at least since the year 1215�察�when 

Magna      Charta    was   won    from    the  Norman      John   by   Normans      and   by 

English      alike。     For     the   first  victors    at   Hastings�察    �like   the   first 

conquistadores   in   America�察  �perished�察  �as   the   monk   chronicles   point   out�察�

rapidly by their own crimes�察�and very few of our nobility can trace their 

names back to the authentic Battle Abbey roll。               The great majority of the 

peers   have   sprung   from�察  �and   all   have   intermarried   with�察  �the   mons�察�

and the peerage has been from the first�察�and has bee more and more as 

centuries have rolled on�察�the prize of success in life。 

     The cause is plain。       The conquest of England by the Normans was not 

one of those conquests of a savage by a civilised race�察�or of a cowardly 

race by  a   brave race�察  �which   results in   the slavery of   the   conquered�察  �and 

leaves the gulf of caste between two racesmaster and slave。                    That was 

the case in France�察�and resulted�察�after centuries of oppression�察�in the great 

and dreadful revolution of 1793�察�which convulsed not only France but the 

whole civilised world。 But caste�察�thank God�察�has never existed in England�察�

since at least the first generation after the Norman conquest。 

     The vast majority�察�all but the whole population of England�察�have been 

always free�察  �and   free�察  �as they  are   not   where   caste   exists   to   change their 

occupations。       They   could     intermarry�察   �if  they   were   able  men�察   �into  the 

ranks above them�察�as they could sink�察�if they were unable men�察�into the 

ranks below them。          Any man acquainted with the origin of our English 

surnames   may  verify  this   fact   for himself�察�by  looking at   the names   of   a 

single parish or a single street of shops。 There�察�jumbled together�察�he will 

find names marking the noblest Saxon or Angle bloodKenward or Kenric�察�

Osgood or Osborne�察�side by side with Cordery or Banisternow names of 

farmers in my own parishor other Norman´French names which may be�察�

like   those   two   last�察  �in   Battle   Abbey   rolland   side   by   side   the   almost 

ubiquitous      Brown�察     �whose     ancestor    was    probably      some    Danish     or 

Norwegian       house´    carle�察  �proud   of   his  name    Biorn    the  Bear�察  �and   the 

ubiquitous Smith or Smythe�察�the Smiter�察�whose forefather�察�whether he be 

now peasant or peer�察�assuredly handled the tongs and hammer at his own 



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forge。     This   holds   true   equally   in   New   England   and   in   Old。    When   I 

search through ��as I delight to do�� your New England surnames�察�I find the 

same jumble of namesWest Saxon�察�Angle�察�Danish�察�No
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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