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historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及6何蛍

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your   minds�察 �even by  the contemplation   of an old Eastern   empire�察�to see 

that it�察�too�察�could be a work and ordinance of God�察�and its hero the servant 

of the Lord。      For we are almost bound to call Cyrus�察�the founder of the 

Persian   Empire�察  �by   this   august   title   for   two   reasonsFirst�察  �because   the 

Hebrew Scriptures call him so�察�the next�察�because he proved himself to be 

such by his actions and their consequencesat least in the eyes of those 

who   believe�察  �as   I   do�察  �in   a   far´seeing   and   far´   reaching   Providence�察  �by 

which all human history is 

       Bound by gold chains unto the throne of God。 



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       His work was very different from any that need be done�察�or can be 

done�察�in these our days。         But while we thank God that such work is now 

as unnecessary as impossible�察�we may thank God likewise that�察�when such 

work was necessary and possible�察�a man was raised up to do it�此                       �and to 

do   it�察  �as   all   accounts   assert�察  �better�察  �perhaps�察  �than   it   had   ever   been   done 

before or since。 

     True�察�the old conquerors�察�who absorbed nation after nation�察�tribe after 

tribe�察  �and   founded   empires   on   their   ruins�察  �are   now�察  �I   trust�察  �about   to   be 

replaced�察  �throughout   the   world�察  �as   here   and   in   Britain   at   home�察  �by   free 

self´governed peoples�此�

       The   old   order   changeth�察  �giving   place   to   the   new�察  �And   God   fulfils 

Himself in many ways�察�Lest one good custom should corrupt the world。 

       And that custom of conquest and empire and transplantation did more 

than once corrupt the world。           And yet in it�察�too�察�God may have more than 

once fulfilled His own designs�察�as He did�察�if Scripture is to be believed�察�in 

Cyrus�察�well surnamed the Great�察�the founder of the Persian Empire some 

2400 years ago。         For these empires�察�it must be remembered�察�did at least 

that   which   the   Roman   Empire   did   among   a   scattered   number   of   savage 

tribes�察�or separate little races�察�hating and murdering each other�察�speaking 

different tongues�察  �and   worshipping   different   gods�察  �and   losing   utterly  the 

sense of a mon humanity�察�till they looked on the people who dwelt in 

the next valley as fiends�察�to be sacrificed�察�if caught�察�to their own fiends at 

home。      Among such as these�察�empires did introduce order�察�law�察�mon 

speech�察�mon interest�察�the notion of nationality and humanity。                       They�察�

as it were�察�hammered together the fragments of the human race till they 

had moulded them into one。             They did it cruelly�察�clumsily�察�ill�此         �but was 

there ever work done on earth�察�however noble�察�which was notalas�察�alas� �

done somewhat ill�拭�

     Let   me   talk   to   you   a   little   about   the   old   hero。 He   and   his   hardy 

Persians should be specially interesting to us。              For in them first does our 

race�察  �the Aryan   race�察  �appear   in   authentic   history。     In   them   first   did   our 

race give promise of being the conquering and civilising race of the future 



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world。     And to the conquests of Cyrus´ ´so strangely are all great times 

and   great   movements   of   the   human   family   linked   to   each   otherto   his 

conquests�察�humanly speaking�察�is owing the fact that you are here�察�and I am 

speaking to you at this moment。 

     It is an oft´told story�此       �but so grand a one that I must sketch it for 

you�察�however clumsily�察�once more。 

     In that mountain province called Farsistan�察�north´east of what we now 

call Persia�察�the dwelling´place of the Persians�察�there dwelt�察�in the sixth and 

seventh centuries before Christ�察�a hardy tribe�察�of the purest blood of Iran�察�a 

branch of the same race as the Celtic�察�Teutonic�察�Greek�察�and Hindoo�察�and 

speaking   a   tongue   akin   to   theirs。   They   had   wandered   thither�察  �say   their 

legends�察�out of the far north´ east�察�from off some lofty plateau of Central 

Asia�察�driven out by the increasing cold�察�which left them but two mouths of 

summer to ten of winter。 

     They     despised    at  firstwould     that  they    had   despised    always��the 

luxurious life of the dwellers in the plains�察�and the effeminate customs of 

the    Medesa      branch     of   their   own     race   who     had    conquered      and 

intermarried   with   the   Turanian�察  �or   Finnish   tribes�察  �and   adopted   much   of 

their creed�察�as well as of their morals�察�throughout their vast but short´lived 

Median Empire。          ;Soft countries�察─�said Cyrus himselfso runs the tale 

;gave birth   to   small   men。     No   region   produced   at once   delightful  fruits 

and    men     of  a  war´like    spirit。;   Letters   were    to  them�察   �probably�察   �then 

unknown。        They borrowed them in after years�察�as they borrowed their art�察�

from     Babylonians�察     �Assyrians�察     �and   other   Semitic     nations    whom      they 

conquered。       From      the  age   of   five  to  that   of  twenty�察   �their  lads   were 

instructed but in two thingsto speak the truth and to shoot with the bow。 

To   ride   was   the   third   necessary  art�察  �introduced�察  �according   to   Xenophon�察�

after they had descended from their mountain fastnessess to conquer the 

whole East。 

     Their   creed   was   simple   enough。       Ahura   MazdaOrmuzd�察  �as   he   has 

been called sincewas the one eternal Creator�察�the source of all light and 

life   and   good。   He   spake   his   word�察  �and   it   acplished   the   creation   of 



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heaven�察�before the water�察�before the earth�察�before the cow�察�before the tree�察�

before   the   fire�察  �before   man   the   truthful�察  �before   the   Devas   and   beasts   of 

prey�察�before the whole existing universe�察�before every good thing created 

by Ahura Mazda and springing from Truth。 

     He   needed   no   sacrifices   of   blood。        He   was   to   be   worshipped   only 

with   prayers�察  �with   offerings   of   the   inspiring   juice   of   the   now   unknown 

herb Homa�察�and by the preservation of the sacred fire�察�which�察�understand�察�

was not he�察�but the symbolas was light and the sunof the good spiritof 

Ahura Mazda。           They had no images of the gods�察�these old Persians�察�no 

temples�察 �no   altars�察 �so   says   Herodotus�察  �and   considered   the  use   of  them  a 

sign of folly。       They were�察�as has been well said of them�察�the Puritans of 

the   old   world。     When   they   descended   from   their   mountain   fastnesses�察�

they became the iconoclasts of the old world�察�and the later Isaiah�察�out of 

the   depths   of   national   shame�察  �captivity�察  �and   exile�察  �saw   in   them   brother´ 

spirits�察�the chosen of the Lord�察�whose hero Cyrus�察�the Lord was holding by 

His right hand�察�till all the foul superstitions and foul effeminacies of the 

rotten   Semitic   peoples   of   the   East�察  �and   even   of   Egypt   itself�察  �should   be 

crushed�察 �though�察 �alas�   �only  for   awhile�察  �by  men   who   felt that   they  had   a 

mission from the God of light and truth and purity�察�to sweep out all 

that with the besom of destruction。 

     But   that   was   a   later   inspiration。     In   earlier�察  �and   it   may   be   happier�察�

times   the   duty   of   the   good   man   was   to   strive   against   all   evil�察  �disorder�察�

uselessness�察�inpetence in their more simple forms。                      ;He therefore is a 

holy man�察─�says Ormuzd in the Zend´ avesta�察 �who has built a dwelling on 

the   earth�察  �in   which   he   maintains   fire�察  �cattle�察  �his   wife�察  �his   children�察  �and 

flocks     and    herds�察   �he   who     makes     the   earth    produce     barley�察   �he   who 

cultivates the fruits of the soil�察�cultivates purity�察  �he advances the law of 

Ahura Mazda as much as if he had offered a hundred sacrifices。; 

     To   reclaim   the   waste�察  �to   till   the   land�察  �to   make   a   corner   of   the   earth 

better   than   they   found   it�察  �was   to   these   men   to   rescue   a   bit   of   Ormuzd's 

world out of the usurped dominion of Ahriman�察�to rescue it from the spirit 

of evil and disorder for its rightful owner�察�the Spirit of Order and of Good。 



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     For they believed in an evil spirit�察�these old Persians。                Evil was not 

for them a lower form of good。            With their intense sense of the difference 

between   right   and   wrong   it   could   be   nothing   less   than     hateful�察  �to  be 

attacked�察�exterminated�察�as a personal enemy�察�till it became to them at last 

impersonate and a person。 

     Zarathustra�察�the mystery of evil�察�weighed heavily on them and on their 

great    prophet�察   �Zoroastersplendour        of   gold�察  �as  I  am    told   his  name 

signifieswho   lived�察  �no   man   knows   clearly   when   or   clearly   where�察  �but 

who lived and lives for ever�察�for his works follow him。 He�察�too�察�tried to 

solve for his people the mystery of evil�察�and if he did not succeed�察�who has 

succeeded   yet�拭      �Warring   against   Ormuzd�察�Ahura   Mazda�察  �was Ahriman�察�

Angra   Mainyus�察  �literally   the   being   of   an   evil   mind�察  �the   ill´conditioned 

being。     He was labouring perpetually to spoil the good work of Ormuzd 

alike   in   nature   and   in   man。  He   was   the   cause   of   the   fall   of   man�察  �the 

tempter�察 �the   author   of   misery  and   death�察  �he   was   eternal   and   uncreate   as 

Ormuzd was。         But that�察�perhaps�察�was a corruption of the purer and older 

Zoroastrian creed。 With it�察�if Ahriman were eternal in the past�察�he would 

not   be   eternal   in   the   future。 Somehow�察  �somewhen�察  �somewhere�察  �in   the 

day when three prophetsthe increasing light�察�the increasing truth�察�and the 

existing truthshould arise and give to mankind the last three books of the 

Zend´avesta�察�and convert all mankind to the pure creed�察�then evil should 

be   conquered�察  �the   creation   bee   pure   again�察  �and Ahriman   vanish   for 

ever�察�and�察�meanwhile�察�every good man was to fight valiantly for Ormuzd�察�

his true lord�察�against Ahriman and all his works。 

     Men who held such a creed�察�and could speak truth and draw the bow�察�

what might they not do when the hour and the man arrived�拭                     �They were 

not a BIG nation。         No�察�but they were a GREAT nation
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