嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
伊屈窮徨慕 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及7何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



what might they not do when the hour and the man arrived�拭                     �They were 

not a BIG nation。         No�察�but they were a GREAT nation�察�even while they 

were eating barley´bread and paying tribute to their conquerors the Medes�察�

in the sterile valleys of Farsistan。 

     And at last the hour and the man came。              The story is half legendary´ ´ 

differently told by different authors。           Herodotus has one tale�察�Xenophon 

another。     The first�察�at least�察�had ample means of information。                 Astyages 



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is the   old   shah   of   the   Median   Empire�察  �then   at   the   height   of   its   seeming 

might   and   splendour   and   effeminacy。        He   has   married his   daughter�察  �the 

Princess Mandane�察�to Cambyses�察�seemingly a vassal´king or prince of the 

pure   Persian   blood。     One   night   the   old   man   is   troubled   with   a   dream。 

He sees a vine spring from his daughter�察�which overshadows all Asia。                      He 

sends for the Magi to interpret�察�and they tell him that Mandane will have a 

son who will reign in his stead。           Having sons of his own�察�and fearing for 

the succession�察�he sends for Mandane�察�and�察�when her child is born�察�gives it 

to Harpagus�察�one of his courtiers�察�to be slain。               The courtier relents�察�and 

hands     it  over  to  a  herdsman�察     �to  be   exposed    on   the  mountains。      The 

herdsman relents in turn�察�and bring the babe up as his own child。 

     When the boy�察�who goes by the name of Agradates�察�is grown�察�he is at 

play with the other herdboys�察�and they choose him for a mimic king。 Some 

he makes his guards�察�some he bids build houses�察�some carry his messages。 

The son of a Mede of rank refuses�察�and Agradates has him seized by his 

guards and chastised with the whip。             The ancestral instincts of mand 

and discipline are showing early in the lad。 

     The young gentleman plains to his father�察�the father to the old king�察�

who of course sends for the herdsman and his boy。                 The boy answers in a 

tone so exactly like that in which Xenophon's Cyrus would have answered�察�

that   I   must   believe   that   both   Xenophon's   Cyrus   and   Herodotus's   Cyrus 

��like Xenophon's Socrates and Plato's Socrates�� are real pictures of a real 

character�察�and that Herodotus's story�察�though Xenophon says nothing of it�察�

is true。 

     He has done nothing�察�the noble boy says�察�but what was just。                    He had 

been chosen king in play�察�because the boys thought him most fit。 The boy 

whom  he   had   chastised   was   one   of   those   who   chose   him。       All   the   rest 

obeyed�此       �but   he   would   not�察  �till   at   last   he   got   his   due   reward。 ;If   I 

deserve punishment for that�察─�says the boy�察 �I am ready to submit。; 

     The old king looks keenly and wonderingly at the young king�察�whose 

features   seem   somewhat         like   his  own。   Likely   enough       in  those   days�察�

when   an   Iranian   noble   or   prince   would   have   a   quite   different   cast   of 



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plexion and of face from a Turanian herdsman。                     A suspicion crosses 

him�察   �and    by   threats   of  torture   he   gets   the   truth  from    the   trembling 

herdsman。 

     To the poor wretch's rapture the old king lets him go unharmed。                      He 

has    a  more    exquisite    revenge     to  take�察  �and   sends    for  Harpagus�察     �who 

likewise confessed the truth。           The wily old tyrant has naught but gentle 

words。      It is best as it is。    He has been very sorry himself for the child�察�

and Mandane's reproaches had gone to his heart。                 ;Let Harpagus go home 

and send his son to be a panion to the new´found prince。                        To´night 

there will be great sacrifices in honour of the child's safety�察�and Harpagus 

is to be a guest at the banquet。; 

     Harpagus   es�察  �and   after   eating   his   fill�察  �is   asked   how   he   likes   the 

king's   meat�拭    �He   gives   the   usual   answer�察  �and   a   covered   basket   is   put 

before him�察�out of which he is to takein Median fashionwhat he likes。 

He   finds   in   it   the   head   and   hands   and   feet   of   his   own   son。   Like   a   true 

Eastern he shows no signs of horror。             The king asks him if he knew what 

flesh   he   had   been   eating。    He   answers   that   he   knew   perfectly。       That 

whatever the king did pleased him。 

     Like an Eastern courtier�察�he knew how to dissemble�察�but not to forgive�察�

and   bided   his   time。     The   Magi�察  �to   their   credit�察  �told   Astyages   that   his 

dream had been fulfilled�察�that Cyrusas we must now call the foundling 

princehad fulfilled it by being a king in play�察�and the boy is let to go 

back   to   his   father   and   his   hardy   Persian   life。 But   Harpagus   does   not 

leave   him   alone�察  �nor   perhaps�察  �do   his   own   thoughts。     He   has   wrongs   to 

avenge on his grandfather。 And it seems not altogether impossible to the 

young mountaineer。 

     He   has   seen   enough   of   Median   luxury   to   despise   it   and   those   who 

indulge in it。      He has seen his own grandfather with his cheeks rouged�察�

his eyelids stained with antimony�察�living a womanlike life�察�shut up from all 

his subjects in the recesses of a vast seraglio。 

     He calls together the mountain rulers�察�makes friends with Tigranes�察�an 

Armenian prince�察 �a vassal of the   Mede�察�who has his   wrongs likewise to 



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avenge。      And the two little   armies of foot´soldiersthe Persians had   no 

cavalrydefeat the innumerable horsemen of the Mede�察�take the old king�察�

keep   him   in   honourable   captivity�察  �and   so   change�察  �one   legend   says�察  �in   a 

single battle�察�the fortunes of the whole East。 

     And   then   begins   that   series   of   conquests   of   which   we   know   hardly 

anything�察�save the fact that they were made。                The young mountaineer and 

his   playmates�察  �whom   he   makes   his   generals   and   satraps�察  �sweep   onward 

towards   the   West�察  �teaching   their   men   the   art   of   riding�察  �till   the   Persian 

cavalry bees more famous than the Median had been。 They gather to 

them�察  �as   a   snowball   gathers   in   rolling�察  �the   picked   youth   of   every   tribe 

whom   they   overe。           They   knit   these   tribes   to   them   in   loyalty   and 

affection   by   that   righteousnessthat   truthfulness   and   justicefor   which 

Isaiah in his grandest   lyric strains   has   made them  illustrious to   all   time�察�

which Xenophon has celebrated in like manner in that exquisite book of 

histhe     ;Cyropaedia。;        The     great   Lydian     kingdom       of  CroesusAsia 

Minor   as   we   call   it   nowgoes   down   before   them。        Babylon   itself   goes 

down�察�after that world´famed siege which ended in Belshazzar's feast�察�and 

when Cyrus diedstill in the prime of life�察�the legends seem to sayhe left 

a    coherent      and    well´organised        empire�察    �which      stretched     from     the 

Mediterranean to Hindostan。 

     So runs the tale�察�which to me�察�I confess�察�sounds probable and rational 

enough。       It   may   not   do   so   to   you�察  �for   it   has   not   to   many   learned   men。 

They are inclined to ;relegate it into the region of myth�察─�in plain English�察�

to call old Herodotus a liar�察�or at least a dupe。                What means those wise 

men can have at this distance of more than 2000 years�察�of knowing more 

about the matter than Herodotus�察�who lived within 100 years of Cyrus�察�I 

for    myself    cannot    discover。     And    I  say   this  without    the   least   wish   to 

disparage      these    hypercritical     persons。     For    there   areand     more    there 

ought to be�察�as long as lies and superstitions remain on this eartha class 

of   thinkers   who   hold   in   just   suspicion   all   stories   which   savour   of   the 

sensational�察�the romantic�察�even the dramatic。                They know the terrible uses 

to which appeals to the fancy and the emotions have been applied�察�and are 



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still applied to enslave the intellects�察�the consciences�察�the very bodies of 

men and women。            They dread so much from experience the abuse of that 

formula�察�that ;a thing is so beautiful it must be true�察─�that they are inclined 

to reply�此 �Rather let us say boldly�察�it is so beautiful that it cannot be true。 

Let   us   mistrust�察  �or   even   refuse   to   believe   e   priori�察  �and   at   first   sight�察  �all 

startling�察  �sensational�察  �even       poetic   tales�察  �and   accept   nothing     as  history�察�

which is not as dull as the ledger of a dry´goods' store。;                   But I think that 

experience�察  �both   in   nature   and       in  society�察  �are   against   that   ditch´water 

philosophy。        The   weather�察  �being   governed   by  laws�察  �ought   always   to   be 

equable       and     normal�察     �and     yet    you     have     whirlwinds�察       �droughts�察�

thunderstorms。         The share´market�察�being governed by laws�察�ought to be 

always      equable     and   normal�察    �and    yet  you    have    startling    transactions�察�

startling panics�察�startling disclosures�察�and a whole sensational romance of 

mercial crime and folly。             Which of us has lived to be fifty years old�察�

without      having     witnessed       in  private     life  sensation      tragedies�察    �alas� �

sometimes too fearful to be told�察�or at least sensational romances�察�which 

we shall take care not to tell�察�because we shall not be believed�拭                     �Let the 

ditch´water  philosophy  say  what   it   will�察�human   life  is   not   a  ditch�察 �but   a 

wild   and   roaring   river�察  �flooding   its   banks�察  �and   eating   out   new   channels 

with many a landslip。           It is a strange world�察�and man�察�a strange animal�察�

guided�察  �it   is   true�察  �usually   by   most   mon´place   motives�察  �but�察  �for   that 

reason�察�ready and glad at times to escape from them and their dulness and 

baseness�察  �to   give   vent�察  �if   but   for   a   moment�察  �in   wild   freedom�察  �to   that 

demoniac   element�察  �which�察  �as   Goethe   says�察  �underlies   his   nature   and   all 

nature�察�and to prefer for an h
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��