友情提示：如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整，请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页！
制高点-第5部分
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完，想下次继续接着阅读，可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能！
旁白：英国人开始投票了。投票结果令人惊讶。
BBC RADIO NEWS： Here is the state of the parties up to 3：00； in detail： Conservatives 180； Labor 364。
BBC广播消息：到3：00为止，得票情况为保守党180，工党364。
NARRATOR： Churchill was out。 The people had voted for a new socialist Britain。
旁白：邱吉尔输了。人们投票选举了一个社会主义者。
BARBARA CASTLE： The Labor Party swept to power simply because the vast majority of people； particularly those men and women in the fighting forces who'd lived through the dreadful Depression years of the '30s； just said； "；Churchill's done a fine job of war leader； but we don't trust him to win the peace。"；
BARBARA CASTLE：工党获胜仅仅是因为绝大多数人，尤其是军队中那些从可怕的大萧条中活过来的人认为“邱吉尔作为战时领导人表现很好，但我们不信任他能够赢得和平。”
LEMENT ATTLEE： What kind of society do you want？
克莱门特。艾德礼：你想要哪种社会？
NARRATOR： Attlee promised his party that they would build a new Jerusalem。
旁白：艾德礼承诺他的党将把英国建成天堂。
CLEMENT ATTLEE： Let's go forward into this fight in the spirit of William Blake： "；I will not cease from mental fight； nor shall the sword sleep in my hand； till we have built Jerusalem in England's green and pleasant land。"；
克莱门特。艾德礼：让我们以William Blake的精神来进行战斗吧，“直到我们在英格兰美丽的绿色大地上建立了天堂，我才会停止精神斗争，才会让剑在我手中沉睡。”
NARRATOR： William Blake's hymn "；Jerusalem"； became an anthem for the Labor movement。
旁白：William Blake赞美诗中的“耶路撒冷”成了工人运动的圣歌。
BARBARA CASTLE： You know； it seemed to people who'd been through a war； it seemed to them natural justice。 Why not pool your resources？ And so we broke into the concept of the sacredness of private property。
BARBARA CASTLE：你知道，这对那些从战争中活下来的人来说是很自然的。为什么不共享资源呢？因此我们打破了私有财产神圣不可侵犯的观念。
NARRATOR： When Labor took power； private owners were pelled to sell their businesses。 Labor created a "；mixed economy"； in which newly nationalized industries coexisted with private enterprise。 Now government…owned industries like coal； rail； and steel no longer enriched owners and shareholders； but worked for the mon good。
旁白：工党掌权后，私人业主被强迫卖掉他们的企业。工党创造了一种“混合经济”，在这种经济中国有企业和私人企业并存。现在公有行业（例如煤炭、铁路和钢铁）再也不是为业主和股东谋利益的，而是为公共利益服务的。
TONY BENN： So it was an act of regeneration； of renewal。 That was the hope； and it was the hope that gave us the welfare state； gave us the National Health Service； gave us full employment； gave us trade union rights； really rebuilt the country from the bottom up。
TONY BENN：因此这是一个重建和更新的行动。它是一个希望，一个建立福利国家的希望。它让我们拥有国民医疗服务制度、充分就业和工会权利；真正将国家从底向上重建了。
NARRATOR： The welfare state provided care； free of charge； "；from womb to tomb。"； Nobody； rich or poor； would need to fear poverty； ignorance； unemployment； ill health； or old age。
旁白：福利国家为公民提供“从出生到死亡”的照管。无论是富人还是穷人都不需要担心贫困、缺乏教育、失业、疾病或年老。
TONY BENN： And people said； "；This is better than allowing a lot of gamblers to run the world； where they're not interested in us； but only in profit。"；
TONY BENN：人们说：“这比让许多赌徒掌管世界要好。这些赌徒不关心我们，他们只对利润有兴趣。”
NARRATOR： Russia ended the war as a military and industrial giant。 With the Red Army and the Secret Police； Stalin imposed his economic system on half of Europe。
旁白：作为一个军事和工业巨人，俄国结束了这场战争。在红军和秘密警察的帮助下，斯大林把他的经济制度强加给半个欧洲。
JEFFREY SACHS： The planned economy of Lenin and Stalin had defeated fascism。 Scientific socialism seemed to be in the ascendancy。
杰裴里。萨克斯：列宁和斯大林的计划经济打败了法西斯主义。科学社会主义似乎处于优势地位。
NARRATOR： Socialism was on the march； capitalism and free markets were on the retreat。
旁白：社会主义在前进；资本主义和自由市场在退却。
JEFFREY SACHS： So about one…third of the world adopted socialism； sometimes to internal revolution； sometimes to brutal imposition by the Red Army。
杰裴里。萨克斯：因此世界的大约三分之一采取了社会主义，有的是因为国内革命，有的是因为红军的强迫。
NARRATOR： The world was divided。 The Cold War had begun。
旁白：世界被划分开来，冷战开始了。
Chapter 8： Pilgrim Mountain ＇3：43＇
第八章：朝圣山
Onscreen title： Switzerland； 1947
字幕标题：瑞士，1947年
NARRATOR： Hayek loved mountains。 He said they breathed freedom。 But he saw socialist ideals and the planned economy as threats to freedom； and so he organized a conference at a formerly fashionable hotel on the top of Mont Pelerin …… Pilgrim Mountain。
旁白：哈耶克热爱高山。他说他们自由地呼吸着。但是他认为社会主义思想和计划经济是对自由得威胁，因而他在Pelerin山－朝圣山－山顶一座以前很时髦的酒店中召集了一次大会。
RALPH HARRIS： Well； what happened in 1947 was that Hayek at last brought off a great dream； which was to assemble 36； mostly economists； some historians； and a few journalists； a handful of what he regarded as survivors； good eggs； good intellectuals； who understood the market economy and the whole of the case。
RALPH HARRIS：1947年哈耶克终于完成了这个伟大的梦想，与会者有36个人－主要是经济学家，还有一些历史学家和新闻记者，一群他认为是幸存者、趣味相投的人、好知识分子，他们理解市场经济，明白整个情形。
MILTON FRIEDMAN； Professor Emeritus； University of Chicago： This was Hayek's belief and the belief of other people who joined him there； that freedom was in serious danger。
弗里德曼（MILTON FRIEDMAN），芝加哥大学名誉退休教授：这是哈耶克的信仰，也是加入他团体的那些人的信仰－自由正处于极度危险之中。
NARRATOR： One of the delegates was a young economist from Chicago； Milton Friedman。
旁白：其中一位代表是来自芝加哥的年轻经济学家－Milton Friedman。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： The point of the meeting was very clear。 Hayek and others felt that the world was turning toward planning and that somehow we had to develop an intellectual current that would offset that movement。
弗里德曼：会议的宗旨非常明确。哈耶克和其他人认为世界正朝着中央计划的方向转变，而我们必须以某种方式来形成一种思潮以抵消这种运动。
NARRATOR： They met downstairs in the cocktail bar。 The room and its furniture are not much changed。
旁白：他们在鸡尾酒吧的楼下相遇。这个房间和里面的家具没什么变化。
RALPH HARRIS： The whole world was shadowed by the Iron Curtain； the Russian threat； by the failure to establish democracies in the Eastern European countries and by the prevalence everywhere intellectually of these ideas of collectivism arising from the war。 The argument always was that democracy is impossible without a free economy。 You need a free economy； free economy is a necessary though not a sufficient condition for democracy。
RALPH HARRIS：整个世界都笼罩在铁幕的阴影之下，还有俄国的威胁、在东欧国家建立民主政府的失败以及战时出现的集体主义思想的流行。争论总是围绕没有自由经济是否也可能有民主政府而展开。你需要自由经济；自由经济是民主的必要而非充分条件。
NARRATOR： The debates were passionate。 At one point； Hayek's former mentor； Ludwig von Mises； stormed out of a meeting。
旁白：人们充满热情地展开辩论。有一次，哈耶克以前的导师－Ludwig von Mises－怒气冲冲地离开了会场。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： In the middle of a debate on the subject of distribution of ine； in which you had people who you would hardly call socialist or egalitarian； people like myself； Mises got up and said； "；You're all a bunch of socialists；"； and walked right out of the room。 （laughs）
弗里德曼：在一次关于收入分配的辩论中，参加辩论的人有一些几乎不能被称之为社会主义者或者平等主义者，还有象我这样的人。Mises站起来说：“你们是一群社会主义者，”然后径直走出了屋子。（笑）
NARRATOR： But Hayek told the meeting that they had one great lesson to learn from the socialists。
旁白：但是哈耶克告诉与会者他们从社会主义者身上可以学到很多东西。
RALPH HARRIS： Hayek paid enormous tribute to the socialist intellectuals and said that the great strength of the socialists is that they had the courage； he said； to be idealistic； to have a theory； to have a project； to have a vision； and to go on working towards that； through thick and thin。
RALPH HARRIS：哈耶克极力赞扬信仰社会主义的知识分子，说他们最大的力量在于他们有勇气去空想；然后不畏艰险地朝着这个理论、计划和幻想努力。
NARRATOR： As the meeting came to an end； Hayek predicted a long fight； a battle of ideas that might last 20 years or more； before the world changed its mind。 In the meantime； Hayek could see only one gleam of light。
旁白：会议将要结束时，哈耶克预言在世界主流思想改变之前将有一场长期的斗争，可能要持续二十年或者更久。在这期间，哈耶克只能看到一点曙光。
书 包 网 txt小说上传分享
Chapter 9： Germany's Bold Move ＇4：11＇
第九章：德国的大胆前进
Onscreen title： Berlin； 1947
字幕标题：柏林，1947年
NARRATOR： The war left Germany in ruins。 Its economy had disintegrated。 Markets had broken down。 Shops were empty。 Already the Russians occupied East Germany and were waiting for the rest to fall into their lap。 In the American and British occupation zones； raging hyperinflation had made the German currency worthless。
旁白：战争使德国成为一片废墟。经济崩溃，市场分割，商店里空空荡荡。俄国人已经占领了东德，正等待着吞没其他地区。在美国和英国占领区，恶性通货膨胀已经使德国通货急剧贬值。
In the winter of 1948； the Allies appointed as director of economic affairs a rotund； cigar…chomping economist named Ludwig Erhard。 A staunch anti…Nazi； Erhard was a free…market economist who shared many of Hayek's beliefs and ideas。 He also believed the Allies' economic rules were making a bad situation worse。
1948年冬天，盟国任命一位名叫路德维希？埃哈德的经济学家担任经济管理部门主管。埃哈德是一名坚定的反纳粹主义者，还是一位自由市场派经济学家，他的许多信仰和思想与哈耶克相同。他还坚信盟国的经济规则使糟糕的情况变得更加坏。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： The occupying authorities had imposed a system under which there were extensive wage and price controls； supposedly to control inflation； but of course wage and price controls never control inflation。 And you had essentially an economy that was brought to a halt。
弗里德曼：占领方当局强制推行了一种体制，在这个体制中广泛存在着工资和价格控制，他们想象可以以此来控制通货膨胀。但是工资和价格控制当然永远不能控制通货膨胀。经济基本上已经陷入了停滞状态。
ALFRED BOSCH； Economist and Friend of Hayek： In this situation the black markets formed； and American cigarettes were its form of currency。
ALFRED BOSCH，经济学家，哈耶克的朋友：在这种情况下，黑市产生了，美国香烟成了通货。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： Nobody smoked cigarettes。 They were for small transactions。 Cognac was a medium of circulation for large transactions。
弗里德曼：没有人抽香烟，它们被用于小笔交易。科涅克白兰地则成为大宗买卖的交易媒介。
NARRATOR： The Allies introduced a new currency； the Deutsche Mark； to replace the worthless German money。 But for Erhard； that was not enough。 So without informing the Allies； Erhard went on the radio and made a startling announcement。
旁白：盟国发行了新的通货－德国马克－以取代已�
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
温馨提示： 温看小说的同时发表评论，说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦！发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励，认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦！